Texas Finds Hope For Treating Depression - A Genetic Link to Medication's Effectiveness

Genetic testing may help determine the most effective medications for depressed patients in the future. This month, the American Journal of Psychiatry published research citing patients' responses to the anti-depressant medication, Celexa, in association with certain genetic variations.

According to Dr. Gonzalo Laje, co-author of the study and associate clinical investigator at the National Institute of Mental Health, patients were twenty-three percent more likely to respond to the medication when a particular variation in the GRIK4 gene, along with a previously discovered variation on the HTRZA gene, were present.

"We are better able to see how genetic variations help determine how a person may or may not respond to a certain medication. This is an advancement toward personalized medicine," said Laje.

The healthcare and health insurance industries have been plagued with medical and financial issues associated with depression. In 2002, adults served by local mental health authorities in Texas included over 53,000 depression patients -- and that number only includes those who sought care at those facilities, which, by no means, reflected the whole of the depressed populace at the time.

State budget cuts to mental health services would dramatically reduce the number of those able to receive treatment, which would push problems -- many argue preventable problems -- into the emergency rooms. Ninety percent of suicides are due to untreated or under-treated mental illnesses; for Dallas, Houston, and Austin, where facilities are already overwhelmed by the sheer number of uninsured patients seeking care, any further strain could collapse a barely-balanced system.

As the population in Texas state mental hospitals goes down, the prison population goes up. According to the Texas Criminal Justice Policy Council, in 1970, there were approximately 12,400 mental health patients in state hospitals on any given day, including those suffering from depression. That number declined to just over 2,300 by 1999, while the prison mental health population rose to almost 16,000, exceeding the1970 state mental health institute population.

This dramatic increase in prison numbers has not only created problems in the general populace, but has also sucked down state funding. Texas could save an estimated $590 million a year by treating 'revolving door offenders' instead of jailing them.

While the precise number of depressed patients in each state is difficult to determine, according to the National Institute of Mental Health, there are 20.9 million adults in the United States suffering from depression at any given time. That's almost ten percent of the country.

Women are more prone than men, and symptoms are usually recognized between the ages of fifteen and thirty, though the mental health community has been taking childhood and adolescent-onset depression much more seriously in recent years. Severity ranges from mild -- which only slightly impairs functioning, perhaps manifesting itself as one "not living up to potential" -- to severe, which often devastates relationships, income, and day-to-day living, and can lead to suicide.

While depression is considered a treatable disease, just how treatable has been up for debate virtually since the illness began to be studied. Patient compliance has been a major issue, partly due to the nature of the disease itself, which produces persistent feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, worthless, and loss of interest and motivation.

The worse one feels, the harder it may be to feel hopeful and motivated enough to seek, and then follow through with, the proper care. If one does overcome these symptoms sufficiently to accept treatment, various factors, including financial barriers, accessibility problems, and lack of response to medications, can make it difficult to continue the regimen.

Lack of response to medications has been one of the more persistent and difficult obstacles to conquering the condition. For some, the first medication seems to work wonders, but many are not so lucky. Several cycles of different types of antidepressants are often required to pinpoint effective prescriptions, if they are found at all. Choice of medications are many and overwhelming, and include:




- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), like Celexa, Paxil, Prozac and Zoloft;


- Tricycles, like Elavil, Norpramin, Tofranil, Aventyl, and Pamelor;


- Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), like Effexor and Cymbalta;


- Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), like Wellbutrin;


- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), like Marplan, Nardil, and Parnate.





It is believed that the causes of depression are varied, and often depend on the functioning of certain neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Though there are commonalities among many of the medications, each can have varying side effects -- some severe - can focus on different neurotransmitters, and can produce different response levels, depending on the patient.

Laje's research could prove to dramatically shorten the lengthy trial-and-error process often necessary for determining prescriptions, as science currently has no truly effective way of profiling patients in this manner. "This [study on Celexa] gives us very relevant information to where we should be looking," said Laje, which is, at least, more progress than Western medicine has made in treating depression for quite some time.

"There's no one marker that's going to tell you whether you respond or not [to medications]. It's a lot of markers, each one having a small effect," said Dr. Julio Licinio, chairman of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the University of Miami's Miller School of Medicine. ". . .[scientists] may be able to develop a genetic panel to tell us whether a person is likely to respond to an SSRI or not."

More and more depressed individuals are turning to natural health treatments, however, such as herbs, acupuncture, massage, and other forms of complementary medicine. St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) is the most prescribed treatment for depression in Germany, and is used commonly throughout Europe for mild to moderate cases. Results of studies are mixed, however, and the National Institutes of Health is still undertaking research to determine the herb's effectiveness on mild cases. Other natural supplements used to treat depression include ephedra, gingko biloba, Echinacea, ginseng, various Chinese formulas, and SAM-e, perhaps the most promising natural treatment in recent years.

Being aware of the psychological issues affecting your health is an important part of taking care of yourself. Minding your health will certainly affect you as you age, and eventually your wallet. If you're a young individual who tries to keep informed and maintain a healthy condition and lifestyle, you should take a look at the revolutionary, comprehensive and highly-affordable individual health insurance solutions created by Precedent specifically for you. Visit our website, www.precedent.com, for more information. We offer a unique and innovative suite of individual health insurance solutions, including highly-competitive HSA-qualified plans, and an unparalleled "real time" application and acceptance experience.

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Living Migraine Free

Don't treat your migraines, prevent them. A life without migraines is obtainable, I know. I was a migraine sufferer for 12 years and have been treating... preventing them for my patients for 15 years. The 95+% success rate achieved at my office comes from a combination of research, common sense and the hard work of my patients.

When I was a teen I suffered from terrible migraines several times a week. Like most of you I tried medications and bio feedback with little help. Regular chiropractic care offered relief, but my migraines continued. Relief came to me by accident, I was doing a food shopping and did not have enough money for everything. I had choice of eating or drinking my daily 2 liter bottle of Pepsi, I chose eating. Like magic my migraines disappeared over the next week. It took several weeks to recognize that soda, alcohol, etc. were causing my migraines, but once I eliminated them I felt great. Trigger foods are well documented but aren't the whole answer.

When I first started treating patients I was sure that a simple elimination diet was the answer for my migraine patients, but many did not respond. I was determined to find the answer to treating migraines. I did a review of thousands medical research articles on migraines and found the clues I needed. The best way to treat migraines is to successfully prevent them. In order prevent migraines I needed to determine the true underlying reason migraines occur.

They key to preventing migraines is realizing that they are caused by an overload of toxins in the body. A migraine can be seen as a really severe hangover caused not by alcohol, but all types of toxins from in and out of the body. The liver, the body's main system for eliminating toxins is overwhelmed in migraine suffers. The liver is not diseased, it just is not functioning fast enough to keep the body detoxified. Simple examples of a toxin can be alcohol, chemicals, caffeine, and drugs. Toxins also include hormones and chemical compounds the body naturally produces, but cannot detoxify fast enough. Toxins can even be foods if the digestive tract cannot break them properly, such as preservatives, artificial coloring and artificial flavorings This simple concept has lead to thousands of former migraine suffers living pain free. If toxins and slow liver function lead to migraines; then reducing the toxic load and increasing the livers function will prevent migraines.

Tracey T. was 40 years old and had been suffering with migraines for 13 years. She was taking Pamelor, Topamax, Esgic Plus, and Zomig with no relief. She was under the care of a neurologist, her 4th one, and getting a migraines daily. She was in good health overall and followed a healthy lifestyle; exercised and avoided alcohol and caffeine. She began her nutritional supplements, improved her diet and increased her water intake. Her 2 month check up showed that she had had only 1 migraine in 8 weeks and several mild headaches. She was working with her doctor to eliminate her medication and was now only taking 1, at reduced amount. A six month review showed that she was off all medication and doing great.

There are 10,000s of medical studies on migraines. The medical research I reviewed overwhelmingly supports a lifestyle change with nutritional supplementation approach.

Medical Research .... How it supports this approach

1. low B vitamins and Magnesium levels ....... needed nutrients in liver detoxification

2. woman 3x more likely to suffer with migraines .... woman produce more hormones to that need to be detoxified,

3. increase frequency and severity of migraines with menstrual cycle ..........the female body produce up to 4x as many hormones during a menstrual cycle

4. elimination diets helpful .... reduces toxin intake, less to detoxify so the liver can keep up with demand

5. medications cause 30-40% of headaches ...... medications need to be detoxified by the liver, increasing the toxic load

6. triggered by smoke, perfume, etc..... smells are all chemical compounds that increase the toxic load on the liver

There are also two lab tests that support that prove that slower liver detoxification is associated with migraines. The first is a liver function test, this is not your typical blood test. A functional liver test will measure how long it takes your body to breakdown and detoxify different chemical compounds including; caffeine, aspirin, and acetaminophen. The second test in cutting edge genome scanning. Migraine sufferers have been linked to a genetic defect in liver detoxification.

The liver needs about 8 weeks of reduced toxic load and nutritional support to detoxify. When my patients start the process we ask them to keep a diary of every migraine, how severe it was and how long it lasted. Most patients start to see a decrease in the frequency or severity within 3 weeks and are migraine free by their 8th week. Woman can usually tell they are better by their 3rd menstrual cycle. You may find that the 1st and 2nd week are a little rough as you adjust to your new diet and the body dumps the toxins. The following are some guidelines to follow:

Lifestyle changes to Prevent Migraines

I recommend that my patients shoot for 100% success. The more you limit the toxins entering your body the greater your chance of success. An elimination diet alone will not work for most migraine sufferers. You will need to take nutritional supplements along with your lifestyle changes to live migraine free. Life does not always allow you to stay within the guideline, do the best you can.

Avoid the following:

caffeine and deceffeianted coffee, teas and sodas

chocolate

artificial coloring

artificial flavoring

preservatives

nuts

personal care products with heavy perfumes, switch to all natural

cleaning products, switch to all natural

cigarette smoking or second hand smoke

alcohol - all forms

Consume the following:

60-80 ounces a day

High fiber foods; fruits, vegetables, grains

Nutritional Support: to promote increase liver detoxification

Artichoke

Tumeric

Silmayrin

Glutathione

Cysteine

Cod liver oil

All natural multivitamin

B complex

Patients who are using OTC and prescription medication are slower to detoxify. Migraine suffers presently taking prescription medications should talk to their doctors. Together you can work out a plan to reduce and then eliminate your medications. Patients using medications on an as needed basis try to reduce the frequency of use, after a couple of weeks with new diet and lifestyle.

Questions and Answers:

Q: Why doesn't my doctor know this?

A: Doctors are trained to treat diseases, not dysfunction. Doctors are most likely causing 30-40% of all migraines from the migraine medication they are prescribing and the rebound effect they cause.

Q: Is your protocol safe?

A: The lifestyle changes and nutritional support recommend are very safe

Q: Can I continue on my medication?

A: Yes, continue on your medication and start the protocol when you are feeling better talk to your doctor

Q: Are there any side effects?

A: You may feel a little worse for 1-2 weeks, but it is worth it to be migraine free in about 8 weeks

Q: What kind and where can I get the nutritional supplements?

A: The nutritional supplements listed are available in any good health food store. My office use professional grade nutrients that are available only through healthcare professionals, they are not available health food stores.

I welcome your comments and questions. Please email me at szodkoy@hotmail.com if you have any questions.

Dr. Steven Zodkoy
Chiropractor
Certified Clinical Nutritionist
Certified Nutritional SpeCialist
Diplomate American Clinical Board of Nutrition

Chronic Headaches and Pain Alleviated by Dentistry

You may not immediately think of your dentist the next time you suffer from a migraine, but you might be surprised to know that there are many causes of headache, face, neck and shoulder pain that can be relieved by dental treatments. If this is not something you've tried, consider scheduling a consultation to find out if you suffer from temporomandibular joint disorder, a condition in which the upper and lower teeth are misaligned, causing muscle contractions in the jaw joint that lead to tension and pain.

A number of treatment options are available, depending on the cause of your pain. For example, you may not know it, but you might be clenching and unclenching your teeth many times throughout the day or night. This can wear down your teeth and create tension in your jaw, creating your headaches and other pain. If your dentist finds this is the case, he or she will prescribe useful home exercises and physical therapy, to be used in combination with a mouth guard that reduces the intensity and frequency of your oral stress and protects your teeth from further wear and destruction. This will restore the muscles of your head and neck area to normal length, function, posture and full range of motion, helping to reduce your symptoms.

The following treatments may also be helpful for treating chronic headaches and related pain:

Occlusal Splint - Also called a night guard, the Occlusal Splint protects the teeth from further wear and reduces the severity of grinding at night, allowing the muscles to rest. In severe cases, the splint may need to be worn all day to allow the joints and muscles to rest.

Jaw Rest - You must rest your jaw for it to heal. Do not:

- chew gum


- bite your nails


- clench your teeth together


- chew on pencils


- eat excessively chewy and crunchy foods during treatment

Moist Heat - penetrating moist heat promotes blood flow, aiding in healing and relaxation of the muscle and helping pain medications work more effectively. A wet washcloth with a hot water bottle will do, or purchase moist heating pads.

Exercises - Some simple jaw and neck exercises may be recommended to help the muscles stretch. A good time to do some of these is in the warm, moist environment of the shower or bath, particularly in the morning and/or before bedtime.

Physical Therapy - Physical therapy can help relax the muscles and increase joint flexibility. We can teach you some simple stretching therapies during your office consultation. If necessary, you will be referred to a physical therapist.

Stress Management - Stressed-out muscles that are contracted and cramped lead to pain. Emotion and stress can cause your muscles to become stressed-out. Any stress reliever that works for you is helpful. Reading, exercising, listening to music, going for a walk are all ways people reduce the stress in their lives. You may want to consider counseling to learn stress management. The point is, it is almost impossible to get relief from TMJ if your underlying emotional issues are not addressed. If you can't do it yourself, don't be afraid to ask for help.

Anterior Deprogrammer - A less well known treatment method is an anterior deprogrammer. This device contacts the four lower incisors when you close your mouth, and reduces resistance when the lower jaw moves back and forth, reducing muscle contraction intensity and helping teeth the become properly aligned. An anterior deprogrammer is meant for short term use and emergency situations.

Medication - Pain medication may be prescribed. Often, over the counter analgesics such as ibuprofen are enough. These medications relieve pain and reduce inflammation during the healing process. Occasionally a mild muscle relaxant may be prescribed.

The most effective drugs for TMJ management include:


1. Non-narcotic analgesic drugs such as acetaminophen (Tylenol).


2. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as aspirin, Trilisate, ibuprofen, Naproxen and prescription strength NSAIDS.


3. Muscle relaxant drugs such as Carisoprodol (Soma) and Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril).


4. Tricyclic anti-depressant medications such as Amitriptyline (Elavil), Nortriptyline (Pamelor), and Doxepin (Sinequan).

Referral - In some cases, a speCialist may be needed from physicians, oral surgeons, orthodontists, psychotherapists, physical therapists, or prosthodontists. Very severe cases may be referred from the start to a pain center or a dentist whose main focus is the treatment of temporomandibular disorders.

Dr. Michael Iott has the education, training and experience to diagnose and treat the cause of your chronic headaches and pain. Why not schedule a consultation and allow Dr. Iott to offer you the very best options to relieve your symptoms? Click here to contact Dr. Iott's office now.

What can you do to help yourself at home?

- Limit your jaw opening (yawning, etc.) to no more than 2 finger widths.


- Rest your jaw by avoiding heavy chewing (e.g. gum, bagels, tough meats).


- Avoid grinding and clenching your teeth by keeping the teeth slightly apart and the jaw relaxed.


- Avoid leaning or sleeping on the jaw.


- Avoid tongue thrusting and chewing fingernails or non-food objects.


- Avoid playing wind, brass and string instruments that stress, retrude or strain the jaw.


- Use cold/ice packs or moist heat compresses as directed by your doctor or therapist.


- Use over-the-counter medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen, Naproxen, Tylenol or Percogesic, as directed by your doctor or therapist.

If you are experiencing chronic headaches, pain in your face, neck, shoulders and upper back, or any of the other symptoms described here, call our office to schedule a private consultation.

Depression Medication

Depression can affect any one of us at any time of our lives and is more than just feeling a bit fed up or down in the dumps. When you cannot just snap out of it and the symptoms of depression persist for more than a couple of weeks, and interfere with your ability to carry out your normal routines on a daily basis, then your health care provider or GP may prescribe some form of medication to help you combat the depression.

There are many different types of anti-depressants available and the earlier ones include Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs). Newer types include Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and others, which may not fall into one specific category but which all work by impacting on the chemicals in the brain that are responsible for our mood and how we feel.

The following list represents the most commonly prescribed drugs for depression, their brand names and the name of the pharmaceutical company producing them (in brackets), as well as a brief description of how the different types are believed to work.

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

Tricyclic antidepressants are so called because of their molecular structure in that they contain three rings of atoms. Although no one understands exactly how they work, it is thought that the beneficial effects are due to their ability to balance the natural neurotransmitter chemicals in the brain. The most common side effects are dry mouth and drowsiness and possibly blurred vision, sweating, and a slight hesitancy when passing urine. The following list represents some of the most commonly prescribed Tricyclic antidepressants:

- Doxepin - Brand names: Adapin (Lotus Biochemical Corporation) and Sinequan (Pfizer Inc)


- Clomipramine - Brand names: Anafranil (Geneva Pharmaceuticals)


- Nortriptylene - Brand Names: Aventyl (Eli & Lilly) and Pamelor (Novartis Pharmaceuticals)


- Imipramine - Brand Names: Tofranil (Novartis Pharmaceuticals)


- Protriptyline - Brand Names: Vivactil (Merck & Co)


- Trimipramine - Brand Names: Surmontil (Wyeth-Ayerst Pharmaceuticals)

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

This type of medication works by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which in turn increases the levels of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine. They are not prescribed as often as they used to be as the newer type of medication known as SSRIs have become more popular. MAOIs would usually be prescribed when other medications have proved ineffective. MAOIs can interact with foods containing tyramine and raise blood pressure; they can also interact unfavourably with many other drugs and over the counter preparations. Some MAOIs include:

- Isocarboxazid - Brand Name: Marplan (Oxford Pharmaceutical Services)


- Phenelzine - Brand Name: Nardil (Pfizer Inc)


- Tranylcypromine - Brand Name: Parnate (Glaxo Smith Kline)

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

SSRIs work by selectively inhibiting the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain so that levels of serotonin are increased. They are generally considered safer than other types. Side effects include nausea, anxiety, sleep disturbances and sexual dysfunction. They can also interact with other drugs. Some of the more commonly prescribed SSRIs include:

- Citalopram - Brand Name: Celexa (Forest Pharmaceuticals)


- Escitalopram - Brand Name: Lexapro (Forest Pharmaceuticals)


- Fluoextine - Brand Name: Prozac (Eli & Lilly)


- FLuvoxamine - Brand Name: Luvox (Solvay Pharmaceuticals)


- Paroxetine - Brand Name: Paxil (Glaxo Smith Kline)


- Setraline - Brand Name: Zoloft (Pfizer Inc)

Some other types of medication

There are other types of medication available for depression which are not included in the previous categories but which all work in various ways to alter the balance of chemicals in the brain to alleviate depression. For example:

- Bupropion - works by inhibiting the reuptake of both norepinephrine and dopamine. Often used to treat the type of depression known as Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), as well as ADHD and as part of a stopping smoking programme. Brand Name: Wellbutrin (Glaxo Smith Kline)

- Duloxetine - works by inhibiting the reuptake of both serotonin and noradrenaline (SNRI). Brand Name: Cymbalta (Eli & Lilly)

- Venlafaxine - Also an SNRI. Brand Name: Effexor (Wyeth-Ayerst Pharmaceuticals)

- Maprotiline - Known as a tetracyclic antidepressant because its molecular structure consists of 4 rings in a T shape. Brand Names: Ludiomil (Novartis Pharmaceuticals)

Which type medication is most suitable?

The type of medication prescribed by your GP will depend on many factors including the kind of depression diagnosed, the severity of the symptoms, other medication that you may be taking and of course the potential risk of any side effects.

It is not possible to predict with any degree of accuracy which one will be most effective and it can take a number of weeks for any effects to be noticed. If after six weeks or so there is no improvement, then another medication may be prescribed until you find the most appropriate one for you.

Regardless of the type of depression diagnosed, the right medication can alleviate the symptoms of depression and help you get back to your old self again.

Depression is a serious condition that can strike anyone at anytime. For more information about depression and self help come and visit =>Fighting Depression.

All You Need To Know About Antidepressants

Many people often have misunderstandings about what antidepressants are capable of.

First of all, they are not pick me up pills; they don't artificially bring on a feeling of happiness, euphoria, or unrealistic well-being. Nor do antidepressants insulate you from life, make you not care about vital things, or make you oblivious to sorrow or loss.

What antidepressants do is avert depressed persons from sliding into the blackest depths of depression when something awful happens. They can still feel wounded, pain, and apprehension, but they feel these the way people normally do when they don't have depression. They also can help depressives sleep soundly, increase their energy, and improve their ability to concentrate.

The way antidepressants work is interesting. There are two chemicals, serotonin and norepinephrine, that have to do with the transmission of impulses between nerve cells in the brain and seem to be allied with depression. It would appear as if depressed people use up these chemicals at an accelerated rate than other people. Antidepressants help to retain these chemicals, apparently leading to feelings of reduced anxiety, more security, increased self-worth, assertiveness, and resilience.

There are a mixture of types of antidepressants, but they fall into a number of straightfoward categories. These are tricyclics, MAOIs, and lithium, and the newer medications: hetereocyclics and Prozac and Prozac-related drugs.

Until rather recently, tricyclics were the normal treatment for depression. These medications include imipramine (Tofranil), amitriptiline (Elacil), Vivactil, Norpramin, Pamelor, and Sinequan. Still in conventional use today, 40 to 70 percent of depressed patients improve substantially with tricyclics.

Although they are quite efficient medications, there are some negatives to their use. They generally take several weeks of constant administration to be successful, which is difficult to handle when people are sincerely distressed. Also, it is relatively easy to take a disastrous overdose. In general, tricyclics should only be used on a short-term basis. They are not addictive, but they must be used with care, especially with people who have cardiovascular disease.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (ie. MAOIs) include Marplan, Parnate, and Nardil. They are a different class of drugs and cause a different reaction in the brain. These drugs are helpful from some people who do not respond to tricyclics. These drugs can have disagreeable side effects, but the main disadvantage of MAOIs is that they can also cause a stroke if certain foods containing the compound tyramine (cheese, red wine, pickles) are consumed while they are being used.

Lithium is generally the treatment of choice for bipolar disorder (the cycle of manic highs with depressed lows). In the correct dose, lithium reduces by about 50 percent the chances of another manic episode within a year. Mood swings become fewer, shorter, and less harsh. The success rate for lithium treatment is 70 percent, and 20 percent of people become symptom-free. It is generally seen as a maintenance drug. Once the patient is on Lithium, they are on it for life.

One of the most well-known drugs on the market today is Prozac. It has been followed into the marketplace by many other new antidepressant medications like Zoloft and Paxil, two near cousins, Effexor and Serzone, and some more distant cousins, notably Wellbutrin, Desyrel, and Buspar.

Unlike tricyclics, which affect the levels of both serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain, Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil affect only serotonin. Hence they are known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, meaning that they prevent or slow down the reabsorption of serotonin. Effexor and Serzone affect both serotonin and norepinephrine, and the others have more complex effects. All, however, have been shown to be effective in the treatment of depression. The choice of which of these medications to use for a particular person has to do with their dosage and side-effect profile. Paxil, for example, seems to have a soothing effect on anxiety that Prozac lacks. Effexor has the reputation of being more energizing than Prozac.

Compared with tricyclics, the side effects of Prozac and its cousins are usually small. Tricyclics can give you dry mouth, make you constipated, and actually slow you down, whereas Prozac has none of these problems and gives you a little more energy. However, there are some side effects with the newer antidepressants which should be mentioned. Most notable among these is a reduction of interest in sex and complications maintaining an erection. Although the male performance problems usually go away after a few weeks, many people on SSRIs report a continued diminished interest in sex, which can certainly add to marital problems.

For more info on antidepressants visit All you need to know about Antidepressants

Four Types of Depression Medication - What You Need to Know

Depression medication is not always a recommended means of treatment. There are many types of effective treatments available and they do not include depression medicines.

Depression medicines are fast acting. They provide instant result to some people but the relief is not permanent and they have side effects. Some types of depression medication are also contraindicated with some types of food. This is the reason why people who are taking depression medication need to have a diet plan that they will have to follow. Between 20 to 40 percent of people do not respond positively to depression medications.

If the person really needs the help of these pills, it is good to know the types of depression medication and have an idea of how they work and what are the associated side effects that each type can bring.

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

SSRIs are among the most popular types of these medications. SSRIs work on a neurotransmitter of the brain called serotonin. They are the most prescribed type of depression medication because they have fewer side effects than the older types.

The medicines classified as SSRI are the following: Paxil (paroxetine), Lexapro (escitalopram oxalate), Zoloft (sertraline), Luvox (fLuvoxamine) and Prozac (Fluoxetine). Yet another one is Celexa (citalopram). The side effects recorded for this type of depression medication include erectile dysfunction, anxiety and restlessness, hostility, agitation, dizziness, nausea, insomnia, tremors, sweating, drowsiness, fatigue, either diarrhea or constipation, headaches, dry mouth and either weight gain or loss.

SSRI can increase the suicidal tendency of a person. If a person has taken SSRI and wants to switch to MAOI, he should allow three weeks difference before taking MAOI; if not, it could lead to reactions that have grave consequences for the person's life.

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

Tricyclics antidepressants are older than SSRIs. Taking this medication requires two weeks before relief could be felt and they have more side effects than SSRIs. Tricyclic antidepressants works on two of the three neurotransmitters of the brain called the serotonin and norepinephrine. But it was also observed that they are interacting unnecessarily with the other nerve impulses of the brain. It has a sedative effect on the user, making it suitable for patients that are severely depressed.

The list of TCA medicine include Adapin (doxepin),Sinequan (doxepin), Anafranil (clomipramine), Pamelor (nortryptyline), Surmontil (trimipramine), Tofranil (imipramine), Vivactil (protriptyline), Elavil (amitriptyline), Norpramin (desipramine). Also included are Pertofrane (desipramine), Endep (amitriptyline) and Ludiomil (maprotiline).

The side effects of SSRI can also be observed with TCAs. In addition, people taking it are very sensitive to the sun, and may have blurred vision and difficulty urinating.

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MOAIs)

MAOIs are the oldest type of antidepressant. They are taken by people with mild cases of depression and those that are overly sensitive with the environment. MAOIs work on all three neurotransmitters: the serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. MOAIs are recommended only when the patient has not responded to the other types of medications.

A person taking MAOIs must be watchful of his diet. Many types of food are known to counter-react with MAOIs. The list includes chocolates, wines, and cheeses, among others. Effects of these food with MAOIs include hypertension, headaches, fluctuation in blood sugar among diabetics and at worst, brain hemorrhage could happen.

The medicines classified under MAOI are the following: Nardil (phenelzine), Parnate (tranylcypromine), Marplan (Isocarboxazid) and Emsam (Selegiline ). The side effects include lightheadedness upon standing, sleepiness, headache, insomnia, impotence, dizziness and weight gain.

Atypical or Other Types of Antidepressant

These are the latest modes of anti depression medication and they do not fall under any of the first three types, thus they are classified as atypical. Since these medications have different mechanism of actions, the side effects also vary according to the specific medicine.

The list of atypical types of depression medication includes the following: Trazodone (Desyrel), Venlafaxine (Effexor), Nefazodone (Serzone), Duloxetine (Cymbalta), Mirtazapine (Remeron) and Bupropion (Wellbutrin).

Never forget to ask for medical assistance before starting on any of the types of depression medication. It is also useful to know that many of them can increase the tendency of suicide attempts in a person. Abrupt withdrawal must also be avoided. All types of depression medication need tapering down in order to lessen the side effects that could be very serious.

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Fibromyalgia, Tools for Survival

Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition categorized as a form of arthritis. Fibromyalgia is characterized by widespread pain in the muscles, ligaments, and tendons. Common symptoms of fibromyalgia include fatigue, headaches, painful menstrual periods, tingling or numbness in the hands and feet, morning stiffness, multiple tender points on the body, and sleep difficulty. Common sites of pain include the back, shoulders, neck, pelvic girdle, and hands but any body part may be affected.

The cause of fibromyalgia is not known. However, many factors can contribute to fibromyalgia. Researchers believe that disturbances in sleep patterns may be a cause of fibromyalgia rather than a symptom. Viral or bacterial infections may also be a trigger. Injury or trauma that affects the central nervous system may be a cause of fibromyalgia. An imbalance in neurotransmitters in the brain may also be a cause of fibromyalgia. Serotonin is one such neurotransmitter that researchers believe is linked to cause fibromyalgia along with depression, migraines, and gastrointestinal distress. Abnormalities in the autonomic nervous system may be a cause of fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia may also be caused by changes in muscle metabolism such as deconditioning and decreased blood flow.

Fibromyalgia affects people in early and middle adulthood but can affect children as well. Those affected by rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or ankylosing spondylitis are more likely to develop fibromyalgia. A family history of fibromyalgia also increases the chance of developing this disorder. Those with sleep disorders such as restless legs syndrome or sleep apnea have an increased risk of developing fibromyalgia.

Fibromyalgia is not a progressive or life threatening disease. The symptoms of fibromyalgia vary in intensity. There are many treatments that can improve the symptoms of fibromyalgia.

Certain medications can treat the pain involved with fibromyalgia. Certain analgesics used to treat fibromyalgia include: acetaminophen, NSAID's (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), and Ultram (Tramadol). These medications may be used in conjunction with each other for better pain relief. However, Ultram must be prescribed by a physician while NSAID's (ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin) and acetaminophen (Tylenol) are available over the counter.

Antidepressants may be prescribed by your doctor to treat fibromyalgia. Such antidepressant medications that may be prescribed include: Pamelor, Elavil, Doxepin, Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft. These medications may be prescribed in conjunction with each other. These medications treat serotonin levels in the brain and may also promote sleep.

Those affected with muscle pain and spasms may need to take a muscle relaxant such as Flexeril at bedtime. Your doctor may also prescribe a benzodiazepine to promote sleep and help relax muscles. Certain sleep medications such as Ambien are classified as a benzodiazepine. However, these medications are not recommended for long term use because of the increased risk of dependence.

Your doctor may help you to create a unique treatment program involving cognitive-behavioral therapy and an interdisciplinary program. Cognitive-behavioral therapy involves teaching patients to deal with stressful situations. Interdisciplinary treatment programs may involve relaxation techniques, biofeedback, and education regarding chronic pain.

Self care is also very important in treating fibromyalgia. Self care includes reducing stress, achieving adequate sleep, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet. There are also alternative therapies that might help alleviate the stress and pain associated with fibromyalgia. These therapies include chiropractic care, massage therapy, meditation, yoga, acupressure, physical therapy, light aerobics, aromatherapy, herbs, nutritional supplements, myofascial release therapy, application of heat/cold, and acupuncture.

Visiting a doctor of osteopathy may be beneficial for treating fibromyalgia. Doctors of osteopathy are licensed to perform the same therapies and procedures as medical doctors but are also taught the use of manipulation to address joint and spinal problems. A doctor of osteopathy may be more apt to see the subtle signs of fibromyalgia.

There is no cure for fibromyalgia yet, but hope is on the horizon. The fibromyalgia patient has many resources to help deal with this disorder such as support groups, organizations, and medical professionals to help improve your quality of life. Fibromyalgia is not life threatening and treatments tend to improve the severity of the symptoms over time. There are many tools that the fibromyalgia sufferer can use to become a fibromyalgia survivor!

Copyright 2006 Kristy Haugen

Kristy is a mother and experienced nurse. She has a Bachelor in Biology and Chemistry and writes to inform individuals interested in health information.